Regional Integration in Latin America - The Pacific Alliance a Way Ahead
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Regional Integration in Latin America - The Pacific Alliance a Way Ahead
Journal Articles, Spanish

Colombia’s Foreign Trade Situation and Challenges in the Pacific Alliance

Abstract:
The Pacific Alliance is an initiative characterised by deeper integration that seeks to address complex issues (not those related exclusively to trade). The PA was established on the motivations and aspirations of its founding countries. The PA aims to achieve efficient trade liberalisation, entry into new markets and integration into Global Value Chains (GVC).

The existing trade agreements between Colombia and each of the member countries date from several decades ago. Nonetheless, a current review of trade dynamics between Colombia and all the other member countries highlights, on the one hand, the deterioration in the volume of exports, and on the other hand, an increase in imports, mainly from Mexico.

This situation has generated a negative trade balance. Colombia lags considerably behind on openness to foreign trade, measured in per capita terms. However, an in-depth analysis through the application of indicators such as Balassa’s shows Colombia possesses a measure of stability and efficiency to export to these countries. The study also highlights the existence of a group of products with significant comparative advantage, but barely exported by Colombia.

Resumen:
La Alianza del Pacífico se define como una iniciativa de integración profunda que procura abordar temas complejos (no de índole exclusivamente comercial) y que se fundamenta en las motivaciones y aspiraciones de los países miembros y fundadores, que tienen como objetivo lograr: una eficiente apertura comercial, la incursión a nuevos mercados y la inserción en las Cadenas Globales de Valor (GCV).

A pesar de que entre Colombia y cada uno de los países que hoy conforman la Alianza del Pacífico existen acuerdos y tratados comerciales de décadas atrás, una revisión de la dinámica comercial entre el país cafetero y este grupo evidencia: por una parte, el deterioro en el volumen de las exportaciones, y por otra, un aumento de las importaciones, principalmente con México, lo que ha generado una balanza comercial en déficit, y un rezago considerable de apertura comercial, medida en términos per cápita. No obstante, al profundizar en el análisis por medio de la aplicación de indicadores como el de Balassa, se determina una cierta estabilidad y eficiencia de Colombia al exportar hacia estos países, como también la existencia de un grupo de productos con una considerable ventaja comparativa, pero poco
exportados por el país cafetero.

Authors: Diego Alejandro Montoya-Uribe, Carlos Hernán Gonzalez-Parias, Lisbeth Katherine Duarte-Herrera
Spanish Title: Situación y Retos de Colombia en Materia de Comercio Exterior, en el Marco de la Alianza del Pacífico
Full document: 2016, Montoya et al, Situación y retos de Colombia en Materia de Comercio Exterior, en el Marco de la Alianza del Pacífico

March 13, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Journal Articles, Spanish

The Pacific Alliance and the potential effects of a Trans-Pacific Economic Cooperation Agreement without the United States

Abstract:
This article analyses the possible consequences of the entry into force of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) without the United States for the countries of the Pacific Alliance (PA). It develops a descriptive analysis of the evolution of trade between PA countries and TPP member countries during the period 1980-2015. Gravitational models are also estimated to empirically examine the determinants of trade flows in these countries. As a result, the paper shows that TPP may favour trade flows in PA countries and that the withdrawal of the U.S. from TPP would not affect these trade flows.

Resumen:
Este artículo analiza las posibles consecuencias, para los países de la Alianza del Pacífico (AP), de la entrada en vigor del Acuerdo de Asociación Transpacífico (TPP) sin Estados Unidos. Para ello, se desarrolla un análisis descriptivo de la evolución del comercio de los países de la AP con el resto de los países miembro del TPP durante el periodo 1980-2015. También se estiman modelos gravitacionales para examinar empíricamente los determinantes de los flujos comerciales de estos países. Se encuentra que el TPP puede favorecer los flujos comerciales de los países de la AP y que la salida de Estados Unidos del TPP no afectaría estos flujos comerciales.

Author: Leonardo Raffo López, Edwin A. Hernández García and Víctor A. Díaz España
Spanish Title: La Alianza del Pacífico y los Efectos Potenciales del Acuerdo Transpacífico de Cooperación Económica sin Estados Unidos
Full document: 2018, Raffo et al, The Pacific Alliance and the potential effects of a Trans-Pacific Economic Cooperation Agreement without the United States

March 11, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio

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Hello my name is Ana Maria Palacio. I have a PhD from the University of Melbourne. This blog is about my thesis project, the Pacific Alliance.

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