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Regional Integration in Latin America - The Pacific Alliance a Way Ahead
Editor's choice, Posts

Negotiating New Agreements with Potential Associate Members

The reinvigorated interest of closer relations with the PA by some of the observer states is partly attributed to the uncertain future of the TPP. With a grey cloud over the TPP,  the negotiating countries are hoping to update and expand their network of commercial agreements through new channels. It is not a coincidence that, except for Colombia, the rest of original members and all the potential associate members were previous TPP negotiating parties. It would not be a surprise that they would attempt to capitalise on the issues already agreed on the TPP table when negotiating their associate member agreements. I will discuss here some concerns around the future negotiations.

Firstly, as the Pacific Alliance members and the candidates to associate members have started the negotiating process for future commercial agreements of ‘high standards’ it is timely to examine what the original PA members have in mind to put real content into an agreement of this kind. It is necessary to set the expectations and offensive interests that the PA members will put forward as a group rather than individually. Hopefully, the association agreements would be more than a form of a TPP-minus accord, where the concessions made in response to the US pressures in the context of the TPP would be withdrawn from these association agreements, and the rest will be kept untouched in the form of informal diffusion of TPP rules.

It would also be important to set a standard as to how the PA will push to incorporate disciplines in the areas of cooperation that are of interest for the mechanism: (i) movement of persons, (ii) education, (iii) trade facilitation, (iv) science technology and innovation and SMEs.

Continue reading

October 2, 2017by Ana Maria Palacio
Journal Articles, Spanish

Integration Policies in the Asian and the Latin American Pacific Basin: A Mexican Perspective

Abstract:
This paper analyzes the economic integration policies implemented by economies of both shores of the Pacific basin through three instruments under negotiation: the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (tpp), the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (rcep), and Pacific Alliance (ap).
The paper investigates Mexico’s participation in the tpp and the ap. It also points out the importance for the Mexican economy’s relationship between ap and tpp with the rcep. Referentially, the paper analyzes the correlation between these three instruments with economic regionalization projects in the Americas and Europe, including new free trade agreements.
The research is based mainly on the theoretical tools of international political economy and traditional constructivism. In this sense, the issues are addressed from a multilevel analysis (economic, military and international non-governmental actors), but with an emphasis on the economic level. The military subjects and role of transnational actors are addressing on complementary manner.

Resumen:
En este trabajo se analizan las políticas de integración económica puestas en práctica por los actores internacionales involucrados en la negociación de tres instrumentos en construcción: el Tratado Transpacífico de Asociación Económica Estratégica (tpp), el Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (rcep), ambos en el Pacífico asiático, y la Alianza del Pacífico (ap) en el Pacífico americano.
En el documento se plantea la perspectiva de México respecto de su participación activa, tanto en el tpp como en la Alianza del Pacífico, así como la necesidad de dar seguimiento, de manera permanente y sistemática, a otros procesos de regionalización de importancia global como el rcep y el tlc entre Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea.

Spanish Title: Las políticas de integración económica en el Pacífico asiático y el Pacífico latinoamericano: una perspectiva mexicana
Author: Roberto Hernández Hernández

Full document:2013, Hernandez, Las Políticas de Integración Económica en el Pacífico Asiático y el Pacífico Latinoamericano- una Perspectiva Mexicana

August 10, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Spanish, Working Papers

Regional Digital Market –Strategic Aspects

Abstract:
Not available

Resumen:
[…] En la producción de bienes y servicios, la digitalización se concreta en la IoT, la robotización de las actividades productivas y la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías, en particular las de análisis de grandes datos y de inteligencia artificial; así como por un fuerte grado de sustitución de los bienes y servicios tradicionales por sus equivalentes digitales. Las nuevas tecnologías han cambiado también la forma cómo se realiza el comercio, reduciendo el costo del suministro de servicios a través de las fronteras y conectando a empresas a lo largo de las cadenas de valor. En particular, ayudan a superar muchas de limitaciones asociadas a operar en mercados internacionales y llevan a la adopción de nuevos modelos de negocio, la entrada de competidores y un cambio en las fuentes de las ventajas competitivas. La digitalización cambia no sólo la forma en que se lleva a cabo el comercio, sino también quién y qué se negocia; así, un creciente número de transacciones de bajo valor y pequeños envíos cruzan las fronteras. Continue reading

April 29, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Articles, English

Understanding the relationship between Pacific Alliance and the mega-regional agreements in Asia-Pacific: what we learned from the GTAP simulation

Abstract:
The Asia-Pacific region is the epicenter for the emergence of a series of mega-regional agreements such as the Trans-Pacific Agreement (TPP), the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), and the Pacific Alliance (PA) established in 2011 among Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. However, since early 2017 the region has experience rising protectionism, as seen in the decision of the United States to withdraw from TPP, sending shockwaves across the region.

The PA has decided to continue with its process, recently launching negotiations with four associated members (Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Singapore). This is the context of structural changes and uncertainty that the Pacific Alliance must now face. This raises questions such as: What role should the Pacific Alliance play in the new regional architecture in the Asia Pacific? How should the Pacific Alliance prepare to maintain its relevance in a context of mega-regional agreements that include several of its members? Based on these and other questions, the authors formulated a total of six scenarios that describe possible interactions among the Pacific Alliances and the other mega- regional agreements.

These scenarios were tested using GTAP to understand which of them would have a more positive impact on regional exports via both tariff reduction and trade facilitation measures. The results from these scenarios, suggest that the one that would have the greatest effect on exports would be the Integration of the Pacific Alliance economies to the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), followed by the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership with the participation of Colombia and China (CPTPP 13). These scenarios offer significant increases in the aggregate exports of the group, both in the face of the tariff reduction and in response to trade facilitation reforms.

Resumen:
No disponible

Authors: José Bernardo García, Camilo Pérez-Restrepo, María Teresa Uribe Jaramillo
Full document:2018, García et al, Understanding the relationship between Pacific Alliance and the mega – regional agreements in Asia – Pacific – what we learned from the GTAP simulation

March 31, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
English, Journal Articles

The Treatment of Regulatory Convergence in Preferential Trade Agreements

Abstract:
This article explores the concept of ‘regulatory convergence’ in the context of the evolving literature on legal convergence and divergence. Such a concept has emerged as an overarching horizontal discipline in the latest generation of preferential trade agreements and aims to reduce unnecessary regulatory incompatibilities between countries in order to facilitate cross-border trade and investment.

Differing approaches to regulatory convergence found in recently concluded PTAs, or currently under negotiation, are examined. The article has a  focus on the ‘regulatory cooperation’ approach embedded in CETA, the path of ‘regulatory improvement’ taken by members of the Pacific Alliance, and the ‘regulatory coherence’ track included in the TPP. We also refer to the TTIP negotiations conducted between the EU and the US.

The article offers a broad understanding of the different ways in which regulatory convergence is implemented across PTAs, and the legal complexities resulting from the ambiguity of the concept. It further describes the scope and effects of the different mechanisms used to achieve regulatory convergence, on both substantive and procedural matters.

Resumen:
No disponible

Authors: Rodrigo Polanco Lazo and Pierre Sauvé
Journal reference: World Trade Review, 2017
Full document: not available

March 22, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Book Chapters, English

The Alliance of the Pacific: A New Instrument of Latin American and Caribbean Economic Integration?

Abstract:
This chapter considers a selected number of the structures and aims of the Alliance of the Pacific (the Alliance). It evaluates some of its key features and provides an outline of its background, internal structure and functioning. It takes the MERCOSUR as a point of reference where appropriate since a conceptual comparison between a MERCOSUR-type free trade area and an Alliance-type free trade area can show the relative uniformity of these types of trading conglomerates but t also their functional diversities. The second part of the chapter endeavours to assess the Alliance’s effectiveness in the achievement of its statutory aims and, where possible, will discuss some proposals for reformulating the structure and functioning of the Alliance’s agreement.

Resumen:
No disponible

Author: Francesco Seatzu
Book: Latin American and Caribbean InternationalInstitutional Law by M. Odello and F. Seatzu (eds)
Full document: Not available ( T.M.C. Asser Press, 2015)

March 22, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Books, Spanish

The Pacific Alliance –Industrial Relevance and Perspectives in the New Global Order

Abstract:
Not available

Resumen:
No disponible
Libro editado con contribuciones de 13 autores a través de 12 artículos.

1. Introducción
2.Industrialización de los países de la Alianza  del Pacífico para la integración productiva de América Latina (Raúl Gutiérrez Muguerza)
3. Algunas anotaciones sobre el potencial industrial de la Alianza del Pacífico (Alicia Puyana Mutis, Vanessa Veintimilla Brando)
4. Análisis Comparativo – Estructural de la economía mexicana respecto a dos de los países de la Alianza del Pacífico (Chile y Colombia) más Argentina, Brasil y Corea (José Antonio Romero, Gaspar Núñez)
5. ¿Puede ser la Alianza del Pacífico una alternativa de comercio internacional para México y América Latina? (José Luis De la Cruz)
6. El desarrollo industrial en la Alianza del Pacífico bajo una visión empresarial (Mauricio Millán)
Continue reading

March 13, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Articles, Spanish

The Pacific Alliance –An Effective Strategy to Strengthen Commercial Relations with the Asia Pacific Region

Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the links between the commitments made under the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) and its influence on the deepening of Peruvian relations within the framework of the Pacific Alliance (PA). Given the fact that both agreements contain similar commitments on trade in goods and services, linking the relationship between them deserves particular attention, since they constitute, from the authors’ perspective, the starting point for the generation of new bilateral and multilateral agreements.

Resumen:
Este ensayo tiene por objeto analizar la vinculación entre los compromisos asumidos en el marco del Acuerdo de Asociación Transpacífico (TPP) y su influencia en la profundización de las relaciones peruanas en el marco de la Alianza del Pacífico (AP). Efectivamente, ambos acuerdos contienen compromisos similares en materia de comercio de bienes y servicios, por lo que vincular la relación entre ambos acuerdos merece especial atención en la medida en constituyen, desde la perspectiva de las autoras, punto de partida para la generación de nuevos acuerdos comerciales bilaterales, así como multilaterales.

Authors: María Cecilia Pérez Aponte and Elba Roo Superlano
Spanish Title: La Alianza del Pacífico: Una Estrategia efectiva para Fortalecer la Relación Comercial con Asia Pacífico
Full document: 2017, Perez & Roo, La Alianza del Pacífico- una estrategia efectiva para fortalecer la relación comercial con Asia-Pacífico

March 11, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Page 1 of 212»

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Hello my name is Ana Maria Palacio. I have a PhD from the University of Melbourne. This blog is about my thesis project, the Pacific Alliance.

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