Regional Integration in Latin America - The Pacific Alliance a Way Ahead
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Regional Integration in Latin America - The Pacific Alliance a Way Ahead
Spanish, Theses

Free Trade and Economic Liberalisation in the Pacific Alliance and its Economic Impact: 1970-2015 period

Abstract:
In recent years the countries of the Pacific Alliance have adopted different international trade policies seeking greater growth of their economies.

These economic policies are based on the fact that economies of scale can be exploited to expand production and expand the international market for our products, but also in allowing the most effective negotiation with our trading partners. This is what the new theory of international trade, initiated by Krugman claims.
Based on this analysis, we review the economic policies used and those aimed at boosting the productivity of the economic sectors and with this, to effectively insert the Peruvian economy in the international markets.

Free trade, rather than the free movement of capital and labor, is the key to overall prosperity. This conviction reinforces what is understood as the convenience of trade openness, which stems from the irrefutable belief that economic theory has established the superiority of free trade although some models show that free trade may not be the best.

Resumen:
En los últimos años los países de la Alianza del Pacíico han adoptado diferentes políticas de comercio internacional buscando generar un mayor crecimiento de su economía.

Estas políticas económicas se apoyan en que permiten aprovechar la existencia de economías de ascender para esparcir la elaboración y amplicar el mercado internacional de nuestros productos, pero también en cuanto permiten el convenio más adecuado con nuestros socios comerciales como sostiene la nueva hipótesis del comercio internacional, iniciada por Krugman.

Sobre la base de este análisis hacemos una revisión de las políticas económicas utilizadas y las orientadas a potenciar el rendimiento de los grupos económicos, de manera de insertar realmente la economía peruana en los mercados internacionales.

En base a lo que se entiende como uno de los principales aspectos hacia la globalización es la confirmación de que el libre comercio, más que el libre trayecto del capital y el trabajo, es la esencia del bienestar general. Esta convicción refuerza lo que se entiende como la conveniencia de la apertura comercial, que proviene de la creencia irrefutable de que la hipótesis económica dispone la superioridad del libre comercio aunque algunos modelos manifiestan que el libre comercio puede no ser la mejor.

La autonomía comercial y el principio del comercio se ven principalmente como piezas claves para una victoriosa habilidad de progreso y desarrollo, la política comercial puede crear fuerzas contrarias en la distribución de los beneficios y la mejoría de la pobreza como suele suceder en un gran número de países latinoamericanos.

Author: Hoover Ríos Zuta
Spanish Title: Libre Comercio y apertura comercial en la alianza del pacífico e impacto económico: periodo 1970-2015
Full document:2019, Ríos, Libre Comercio y apertura comercial en la alianza del pacífico e impacto económico- periodo 1970 – 2015

January 15, 2017by Ana Maria Palacio
Articles, Spanish

Pacific Alliance: government communication with “Much ado about nothing”

Abstract:
Since its beginning on April 28, 2011, the Pacific Alliance (PA) has been a symbol of innovation, collaboration and concerted economic initiative for its partner countries (Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru). Its continuity is one of its main strengths, beyond presidential changes in the four countries.

Today the PA can show achievements in several fields, among them, the enormous expectation generated in the world that is evident in the 55 observer countries of this initiative. This text approached the PA from the Political Communication (government communication and public diplomacy), as well as from the constructivist perspective in International Relations. When examining the real achievements of the PA and what is said of it in the partner countries and the world, there are gaps in what is not spoken. With an emphasis on the role of Peru in the PA, we propose an appropriation of it and its potentialities seeking an effective national project.

Resumen:
Desde su surgimiento el 28 de abril del 2011, la Alianza del Pacífico (AdP) ha constituido un símbolo de innovación, colaboración e iniciativa económica concertada para sus países socios (Chile, Colombia, México y Perú). Su continuidad es una de sus principales fortalezas, más allá de cambios presidenciales en los cuatro países miembros.

Hoy la AdP puede mostrar logros en varios campos, entre ellos, la enorme expectativa generada en el mundo que se evidencia en los 55 países en condición de observadores de esta iniciativa. En este texto, la AdP es abordada desde la comunicación política (comunicación de gobierno y diplomacia pública), así como desde la perspectiva constructivista de las relaciones internacionales. Al analizar los logros reales de la AdP y lo que se dice de ella, tanto en los países socios como en el mundo, se constatan brechas sobre las que no se habla.

Con énfasis en el papel del Perú en la AdP, se propone una apropiación de esta y sus potencialidades en función de un efectivo proyecto nacional.

Author: Luis Olivera Cárdenas
Spanish Title: Alianza del Pacífico: una comunicación de gobierno con mucho ruido y pocas nueces
Full Document:2019, Olivera, Pacific Alliance- government communication with “Much ado about nothing”

January 15, 2017by Ana Maria Palacio
Editor's choice, News, Posts

Interview to the PA Presidents: What Did They Have to Say?

The presidents of Chile, Colombia, Peru and the Mexican Secretary of Economy were interviewed on the 21 September at an event by the Americas Society/Council of the Americas.

What did they talk about that could give us an indication of their perspectives about the PA?

The discussion tackled all sort of issues including, to a large extent, domestic concerns of the PA members such as the peace agreement in Colombia and how it could increase prospects of trade in tourism services and agricultural industries, as well as a package of domestic reforms to encourage formalisation of businesses in Peru promoted by President Kuczynski. The panel members presented their views on the likelihood of Trump becoming the next US president with the Mexican Secretary bringing out a colourful remark. The crisis in Venezuela and the question of whether the PA should be doing a bit more on this subject matter was also raised. No clear common view on a positive action of the PA members in this topic was envisioned.

With this range of issues on the table, a couple of interesting points were mentioned about the PA.

President Bachelet pointed out that the main topics of interest to  work on during Chile’s pro-tempore presidency were: education, innovation, science and technology, trade facilitation, internationalisation of SMEs, the implementation of the Commercial Protocol, the cooperation agenda with the 49 observer states and finally convergence with ASEAN and APEC. The ambitious list of topics refers greatly to matters related broadly to intergovernmental cooperation, but there is still the query on the extent to which the priority topics relate to the goal of deep integration and the free movement of services, people, capital, and goods. President Bachelet did not refer to the particular instruments and mechanisms through which the priority topics will be addressed but in practice they include interesting efforts such as the SMEs Observatory (alianzapacifico.net) and an Entrepreneurial Capital Fund, the interoperability of the single window clearance systems and later mutual recognition of the authorised economic operators once the program of authorised economic operators is fully implemented by the members.

Ildefonso Guajardo, Mexico’s Secretary of Economy, referred to some aspects in which the PA should be working on in order to achieve real economic integration. He brought up services liberalisation among the PA members as a strategic issue, new ways to approach common markets more efficiently and more generally alluded to better public policies to support this integration. Despite the relevance of all the topics mentioned by Guajardo it was not clear to me how much progress the PA has made on this front and whether these topics are part of the PA agenda in the short and long term. In addition, he presented a view calling on the need to make the PA a priority for the members and the call to ‘open up to action.’ These views imply the relevance of addressing topics that are more controversial and sensitive among the PA members if deep integration is to be achieved. These topics include regulatory coordination and reduction of heterogeneity in areas like taxation regimes towards deeper capital market integration.

Finally, the signature of an agreement with ASEAN was announced during the event which hopefully could lead the PA to more concrete activities and the development of an agenda towards the enhancement of an economic relation with the Asia Pacific Region.

To see the full webcast, please visit the link below.

sources: www.as-coa.org

September 23, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Journal Articles, Spanish

Political Effects of Economic Interdependence among the South American Members of the Pacific Alliance

Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the unintended political effects of economic interdependence among the South American members of the Pacific Alliance. The study traces the evolution of their mutual trade in relation to the intensity of their military competitive dynamics from 2001 to 2015.

Two measurement instruments are used: an intra-regional trade index based on commerce data, and a coordination index based on arms purchases. The question is whether the formation of the Alliance and trade relations now embedded in it have had any effect on the political balance (cooperation-conflict).

Issues concerning the method are discussed as well as the implications of the research for the inter-theory debates. The last part briefly discusses the historical understanding of regional conflicts and normative aims of regional integration.

Resumen:
El texto aborda los posibles efectos políticos no intencionados de la interdependencia económica entre los miembros sudamericanos de la Alianza del Pacífico examinando el desarrollo de sus relaciones comerciales en relación con la intensidad de sus dinámicas militares de competencia entre 2001 y 2015.

Se emplean dos instrumentos de medición: un índice de comercio intragrupal basado en datos de comercio exterior y un índice de coordinación basado en datos de compras militares. Los resultados permiten observar si la creación de la Alianza del Pacífico y el comercio intragrupal han tenido efecto en el carácter de las relaciones políticas. Se discuten los alcances y limitaciones del método y las implicancias de la investigación para el debate inter-teórico. Finalmente, se discuten brevemente el carácter histórico de la conflictividad y los rasgos normativos del integracionismo regional.

Author: Juan Francisco Morales Giraldo
Spanis Title: La Alianza del Pacífico y los Efectos Políticos de la Interdependencia Económica
Full document: 2017, Morales, La Alianza del Pacífico y los Efectos Políticos de la Interdependencia Económica

August 13, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Articles, Spanish

Peru in the Pacific Alliance

Abstract:
A brief review of the opportunities and challenges that the Pacific Alliance members face, particularly Peru, to enhance relations with the Asia Pacific.

Author: Carlos Aquino Rodríguez
Full document: 2013, Aquino, El Perú en la Alianza del Pacífico

August 10, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Editor's choice, News, Posts

Pacific Alliance: This Week’s Highlights

The Pacific Alliance wraps up the week with a couple of interesting highlights:

Innovation 3_KROMKRATHOG

Photocredits: KROMKRATHOG/FreeDigitalPhotos.net
First, The fourth forum of innovation and entrepreneurship LAB4+ sponsored by the Pacific Alliance and the promotion agencies of the four members. The event held in Lima, Peru between 1-2 June aimed to connect and strengthen the entrepreneurial and innovation ecosystems of the region. The two main focuses of this year’s event were social innovation and ICTs. This event consisted of a series of seminars, investment rounds, thematic workshops and demo days.

Second the creation of the Strategic Observatory for the Pacific Alliance. An academic initiative looking to link the  government, the productive sector, and academia. The initiative is developed by four of the leading universities across the country members and will be physically based in Chile. The Observatory emerges as a form of think-tank to inform and support the technical work within the working groups of the PA.

It is worth noting that this is not the first initiative in this direction and other universities also have special programs to investigate the Pacific Alliance (see: icesi.edu.co). I guess this situation suggests that efforts should be made to integrate and coordinate the initiatives that emerge in relation to the study of the PA. Sharing a common technological platform on the projects that have been developed and will be developed would be a great way to ensure academic coordination, reduce the risk of overlapping and duplication efforts and encourage incremental knowledge. Moreover, it would be interesting to explore to what extent universities from other observer members could also join this promising initiative!

sources: http://magisterenderechollm.uc.cl

June 4, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Spanish, Working Papers

The Pacific Alliance: Scope, Competitiveness, and Implications for Latin America

Abstract:
Not available

Resumen:
La Alianza del Pacífico (ap) como proyecto de integración y cooperación económica y comercial latinoamericana –inspirado en la simplicidad de las ideaseconómicas neoliberales del corpus ideológico del Consenso de Washington– surge en un contexto de múltiples intentos fallidos de integración regional. A esto debe añadirse la degradación del potencial económico de los países integrantes de la AP, directamente relacionada con la forma en que los gobiernos han aplicado su estrategia de crecimiento económico en la región desde mediados de los ochenta; especialización en la producción y exportación de manufacturas. En este contexto cabe preguntarse ¿cuáles serán, entonces, las fortalezas de la integración regional AP la ap frente a las potencias asiáticas?

En el contexto latinoamericano, la AP y el mercosur ilustran las nuevas líneas de división de América Latina; las diferentes visiones y tendencias de la economía y el comercio perfilan una división “vertical” de la región. Con este criterio se perfilan dos Américas Latinas: la del Atlántico, que desconfía de la globalización, instrumenta una integración restrictiva y otorga un mayor papel al Estado en la economía, y la del Pacífico que opta por el libre mercado y comercio.

Desde una visión de política exterior, la AP podría ser interpretada como un intento de restructuración de la política latinoamericana de México, sin embargo no parece demasiado factible que esta iniciativa pueda erigirse en una estrategia suficiente para que el país recupere los espacios perdidos en la región; menos aún, para construir un liderazgo regional.

Authors: José Luis León Manríquez, Juan José Ramírez Bonilla
Spanish Title: La Alianza del Pacífico. Alcances, competitividad e implicaciones para América Latina
Full document: 2014, Manríquez & Ramírez, La Alianza del Pacífico. Alcances, competitividad e implicaciones para América Latina

April 10, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Articles, Spanish

The Pacific Alliance –A New Era for Latin America

Abstract:
Not available

Resumen:
PwC resalta las siete industrias que serán el motor de crecimiento para la Alianza del Pacífico (Energía, Petróleo y Gas; Infraestructura, Minería, Sector Financiero, Salud, Energía, Automotriz, Detallistas y de Productos de Consumo), además de esto se analizan las ventajas de cada país suscrito a este acuerdo pasando por la perspectiva de las cadenas productivas, hasta temas como talento y emprendimiento. la publicación  es una herramienta para las compañías de la región que buscan ser multilatinas, y también para empresas de
otros países que quieran invertir en América Latina.

Institutional Author: Priceawaterhouse Coopers
Spanish Title: La Alianza del Pacífico –Una nueva era para América Latina
Full document: 2014, Pwc, La Alianza Pacifico -Una Nueva Era para América Latina

April 10, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
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Hello my name is Ana Maria Palacio. I have a PhD from the University of Melbourne. This blog is about my thesis project, the Pacific Alliance.

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