Regional Integration in Latin America - The Pacific Alliance a Way Ahead
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Regional Integration in Latin America - The Pacific Alliance a Way Ahead
Spanish, Theses

Free Trade and Economic Liberalisation in the Pacific Alliance and its Economic Impact: 1970-2015 period

Abstract:
In recent years the countries of the Pacific Alliance have adopted different international trade policies seeking greater growth of their economies.

These economic policies are based on the fact that economies of scale can be exploited to expand production and expand the international market for our products, but also in allowing the most effective negotiation with our trading partners. This is what the new theory of international trade, initiated by Krugman claims.
Based on this analysis, we review the economic policies used and those aimed at boosting the productivity of the economic sectors and with this, to effectively insert the Peruvian economy in the international markets.

Free trade, rather than the free movement of capital and labor, is the key to overall prosperity. This conviction reinforces what is understood as the convenience of trade openness, which stems from the irrefutable belief that economic theory has established the superiority of free trade although some models show that free trade may not be the best.

Resumen:
En los últimos años los países de la Alianza del Pacíico han adoptado diferentes políticas de comercio internacional buscando generar un mayor crecimiento de su economía.

Estas políticas económicas se apoyan en que permiten aprovechar la existencia de economías de ascender para esparcir la elaboración y amplicar el mercado internacional de nuestros productos, pero también en cuanto permiten el convenio más adecuado con nuestros socios comerciales como sostiene la nueva hipótesis del comercio internacional, iniciada por Krugman.

Sobre la base de este análisis hacemos una revisión de las políticas económicas utilizadas y las orientadas a potenciar el rendimiento de los grupos económicos, de manera de insertar realmente la economía peruana en los mercados internacionales.

En base a lo que se entiende como uno de los principales aspectos hacia la globalización es la confirmación de que el libre comercio, más que el libre trayecto del capital y el trabajo, es la esencia del bienestar general. Esta convicción refuerza lo que se entiende como la conveniencia de la apertura comercial, que proviene de la creencia irrefutable de que la hipótesis económica dispone la superioridad del libre comercio aunque algunos modelos manifiestan que el libre comercio puede no ser la mejor.

La autonomía comercial y el principio del comercio se ven principalmente como piezas claves para una victoriosa habilidad de progreso y desarrollo, la política comercial puede crear fuerzas contrarias en la distribución de los beneficios y la mejoría de la pobreza como suele suceder en un gran número de países latinoamericanos.

Author: Hoover Ríos Zuta
Spanish Title: Libre Comercio y apertura comercial en la alianza del pacífico e impacto económico: periodo 1970-2015
Full document:2019, Ríos, Libre Comercio y apertura comercial en la alianza del pacífico e impacto económico- periodo 1970 – 2015

January 15, 2017by Ana Maria Palacio
English, Working Papers

How to Foster the Internationalisation of SMEs through the Pacific Alliance Integration Process

Abstract:
This report is a preliminary stocktaking exercise, which underscores the significant opportunities that further intra-regional integration and support for SME internationalisation could bring to the economies of the four countries concerned. Representing close to 99% of businesses and 67% of employment, a comprehensive joint strategy in support of SME competitiveness and internationalisation could result in significant gains in terms of both productivity and inclusive growth.

  • Section 1 provides a general context of SMEs and the existing trade structure in the PA, and of challenges and opportunities that SMEs face when engaging in international activities.
  • Section 2 takes stock of PA countries’ current policy efforts and initiatives carried out to promote SME development and internationalisation; provides elements for the PA to consider in advancing their joint agenda, grouped in the policy domains of finance, business environment, firm capabilities, market
    access and trade.

Overall, the building of a regional market through the PA’s programme of trade and investment liberalisation, as well as the fragmentation of production into global value chains (GVCs), opens new opportunities for SMEs. However, trade and investment liberalisation alone will not be sufficient to secure a higher level of SME internationalisation. The PA economies, particularly Chile, Colombia and Peru, are currently concentrated on a few resource-oriented sectors where SMEs play a marginal role. The PA will need policies to promote economic diversification and support entrepreneurship and enterprise development to build productive capacities and develop new comparative advantages in the manufacturing and service sectors in order to broaden and deepen trade flows and enable a more active role for SMEs.

Resumen:
No disponible

Institutional Author: OECD
Full document: 2015, OECD, How to Foster the Internationalisation of SMEs through the Pacific Alliance Integration Process

March 10, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Journal Articles, Spanish

Free Trade: Trade Agreements and a New Order —A Balance

Abstract:
Free trade is an ancient aspiration that in essence was born with the economic science in the late eighteenth century, but that has only existed in the partial and limited form in the last third of the nineteenth century and until WW1. The birth of the GATT comes after the failure of the Havana Conference and obeys to the need of the world powers at the time to liberalise trade. It proposes the creation of free trade areas and customs unions as side mechanisms of global free trade.

There are more than 400 free trade agreements. Mexico has signed 11 of them with which it formalises, although it does not start its economic opening. Mexico also has taken part in two free trade transnational alliances (TPP and Pacific Alliance), which must be carefully analysed. There is speculation around the Transpacific and Transatlantic free trade agreements and their possible influence on the global economy.

Resumen:
El libre comercio es una antigua aspiración que, en rigor, nace con la ciencia económica a fines del siglo XVIII, pero que solo ha existido, en forma parcial y limitada, en el último tercio del siglo xix y hasta la I Guerra. El nacimiento del GATT después de la II Guerra como segunda opción ante la fracasada Carta de Comercio y Empleo obedece a la necesidad de las grandes potencias comerciales de la época de liberalizar el comercio. Este prevé la formación de áreas de libre comercio y de uniones aduaneras como mecanismos alternos al libre comercio de alcance universal, existen más de 400 de estos acuerdos. México es parte en 11 de ellos, con los que formaliza, no inicia, su apertura económica y de dos agrupaciones multilaterales (Alianza del Pacífico y Acuerdo Transpacífico), lo que debe ser analizado cuidadosamente. Al final se especula en torno a los acuerdos Transpacífico y Trasatlántico y su posible influencia en el funcionamiento de la economía mundial.

Author: Antonio Gazol Sánchez
Spanish Title: Libre comercio: tratados y nuevo orden. Un balance
Full document: 2016, Gazol, Libre Comercio- Tratados y Nuevo Orden- Un balance

March 10, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio

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Hello my name is Ana Maria Palacio. I have a PhD from the University of Melbourne. This blog is about my thesis project, the Pacific Alliance.

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