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Regional Integration in Latin America - The Pacific Alliance a Way Ahead
Publications, Spanish, Working Papers

Services and Investment Regulation in the Pacific Alliance and Mercosur: Convergence to XXI Century Rules?

Abstract:
not available

Resumen:
Aunque los servicios juegan un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de las economías nacionales, su participación en el comercio mundial sigue estando rezagada. La inadecuada regulación a nivel nacional es uno de los factores estructurales que frena su desarrollo. Las disciplinas establecidas en el Acuerdo General sobre Comercio de Servicios de la Organización Mundial de Comercio de 1995 y los principales tratados de libre comercio resultan insuficientes y no reflejan los desarrollos tecnológicos de las dos últimas décadas.

En este contexto surgen los acuerdos preferenciales de comercio mega regionales o de nueva generación que buscan grados de integración más profunda en servicios e inversiones, como el Acuerdo Económico y Comercial Global entre la Unión Europea y Canadá (CETA), el Acuerdo Integral y Progresista de Asociación Transpacífico (CPTPP) y el Acuerdo (aún no concluido) sobre el Comercio de Servicios (TiSA).

Este trabajo analiza en qué medida los regímenes en servicios e inversiones establecidos a través de la Alianza del Pacífico y MERCOSUR responden a los nuevos desarrollos sobre gobernanza de servicios e inversiones de dichos acuerdos de nueva generación. Se concluye que la Alianza del Pacífico ofrece el modelo más actualizado y más cercano a los desarrollos contenidos en estos nuevos acuerdos en comparación con el MERCOSUR, lo cual no sorprende por su reciente fecha de conclusión.

Se observa un proceso de difusión informal de normas en el que acuerdos como el CPTPP han servido de modelo. Hasta la fecha solo se han sentado las bases y se hace necesaria la expedición de regulación secundaria y su implementación por parte de los países. En el caso del MERCOSUR, los avances en la gobernanza regional de servicios reflejan un estancamiento en el progreso durante los últimos siete años, a pesar de que muchas de las disciplinas analizadas hacen parte del Protocolo de Montevideo y los desarrollos posteriores en regulaciones secundarias. La evolución en las diferentes disciplinas es heterogénea. El proceso de incorporación de las normas por parte de los países a los regímenes nacionales representa un cuello de botella, lo que dificulta los esfuerzos de implementación y consecuente impacto a nivel regional.

Author: Ana María Palacio Valencia

Spanish  Title: Marcos regulatorios de servicios e inversiones en la Alianza del Pacífico y MERCOSUR: ¿Convergencia a normas del siglo XXI?

Full Document: Marcos regulatorios de servicios e inversiones en la Alianza del Pacífico y MERCOSUR

 

 

January 9, 2017by Ana Maria Palacio
English, Publications, Working Papers

Services Dimension in the Pacific Alliance

Abstract:
The need for Latin American countries to address the economic and trade challenges through coordinated continental strategies with stronger economies and in particular towards emerging   Asia Pacific led to the creation in 2007 of the Pacific Arch Initiative. This project was stalled by the lack of progress in the integration process and differences in trade policy among its members, so in response to this arise the Pacific Alliance in 2011, between Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. The Alliance pragmatism has led to the subscription of some commitments and the implementation of various cooperation programs between member countries, without the need to incorporate them into a single package. Since the Uruguay Round the aspects related to services have been fundamental in trade negotiations. Recently, trade in services has appeared increasingly as an alternative way for developing countries to achieve economic growth and development. Not only in relation to the possibility to add value to its production and exports baskets, but also as an strategy of improving regional production chains which is one of the main objectives of the Pacific Alliance. Although the four members could be classified as middle-income countries, they still have deficit in their highly concentrated export basket.

The main purpose of this article is to answer two questions: Whether the Pacific Alliance countries had given a better treatment on services liberalization to its developed countries partners (EU and US) than among them? How could the Pacific Alliance members’ services liberalization commitments at WTO and FTA converge to a single agreement? This article reviews the trade in services aspects of the Pacific Alliance members. First, we review the existing commitments on services liberalization of the Pacific Alliance members in the World Trade Organization (GATS). Second, studying the commitments o member´s Free Trade Agreements, particularly with the US and EU comparing them with those among them. Finally, an agenda on services liberalization for the Pacific Alliance is proposed.

Resumen:
No disponible

Authors: Dorotea López, Felipe Muñoz and Angélica Corvalán
Full document: 2015, Lopez et al, Services Dimension in the Pacific Alliance

March 13, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio

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Hello my name is Ana Maria Palacio. I have a PhD from the University of Melbourne. This blog is about my thesis project, the Pacific Alliance.

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