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Regional Integration in Latin America - The Pacific Alliance a Way Ahead
Journal Articles, Spanish

The Pacific Alliance: Between the Geopolitics of China and the United States

Abstract:
The rise of the Pacific Alliance as one of the newest integration process in Latin America shows the interest of these countries to build an economic bloc to promote their growth and to engage better on today´s global dynamics. The members of the Alliance, composed by Mexico, Colombia, Chile and Peru, share with the United States free trade agreements and a similar economic model.  However, the creation of this bloc is mainly focused on boosting the trade with the Asia Pacific.

This region has intense economic growth and has emerging powers such as China, which is competing with the United States for the regional and global market and whose economy is already the second largest worldwide. The Pacific Alliance is an attempt to promote the trade with Asia’s growing economies and take advantage of this diversification. Nevertheless, from China’s view, this is an opportunity to have greater presence in Latin America.

This paper analyses the relation between the internal and international elements that encouraged the creation of the Pacific Alliance and presents an approach to the key role of this integration project in the US hegemonic struggle against the growing Chinese presence in Latin America.
The paper also evaluates the current potential of the Pacific Alliance and its potential of growth, as it has aroused the interest of many countries worldwide.

Resumen:
La emergencia de nuevos procesos de integración en América Latina, como la Alianza del Pacífico (AP), integrada por México, Colombia, Chile y Perú, manifiesta el interés de estos países por construir un proyecto común a través del cual fomentar su crecimiento económico e insertarse mejor en las actuales dinámicas mundiales.

Los países miembros de la Alianza tienen vínculos importantes con Estados Unidos, tanto por su modelo económico como por los tratados de libre comercio firmados con dicha potencia, pero la creación de este bloque está orientada principalmente al comercio con Asia Pacífico, pues se desarrolla en un contexto económico internacional en el cual están surgiendo potencias emergentes, como China, que está compitiendo con Estados Unidos por el comercio regional e internacional, y cuya economía es ya la segunda más importante a escala mundial.

De ahí que estos países latinoamericanos busquen aprovechar su relación también con China y fomentar su comercio con la región asiática como una forma de diversificación, lo que, además abre las puertas a la inversión de China para tener mayor presencia en la región latinoamericana.

El presente artículo analiza esa compleja relación de elementos internos e internacionales que incentivaron la creación de la Alianza del Pacífico, y revisa el lugar clave que ocupa este proyecto integracionista en la pugna hegemónica de Estados Unidos frente al crecimiento de la presencia China en la región latinoamericana. De igual forma, mediante la revisión de los volúmenes comerciales y de inversión extranjera directa de los países miembros, tanto entre ellos como con terceros, se hace una interpretación de la actual potencialidad de la Alianza del Pacífico y sus posibilidades de crecimiento, pues ha despertado el interés de numerosos países en el mundo.

Author: María Antonia Correa Serrano and Enrique Catalán Salgado
Spanish Title: La Alianza del Pacífico: Entre la geopolítica de China y de Estados Unidos
Full document: 2016, Correa & Catalán, La Alianza del Pacífico- Entre la geopolítica de China y de Estados Unidos

March 10, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Journal Articles, Spanish

Cooperation and Regional Integration Projects in America at the Beginning of the 21st Century

Abstract:
The American continent is organised around four major regional economic blocs: North American Free Trade Agreement, the Pacific Alliance, the Southern Common Market and the Andean Community. Their role is crucial today to channel regional cooperation and promote the development of a territory that has great socio-economic contrasts between Anglo and Francophone communities in the North and Latin American areas of the South. The integration of fragmented initiatives and profound local production disruptions in the South, aligned with suspicions and preponderant U.S. commercial interests hinder the prospects for a single economic unit on a continental scale. In this context, the article examines the potential that the most significant supranational organisations have and their geopolitical implications.

Resumen:
El continente americano se organiza básicamente en torno a cuatro grandes bloques económicos regionales: el Tratado de Libre comercio de América del Norte, La Alianza del Pacífico, el Mercado Común del Sur y la Comunidad Andina. Su papel es hoy fundamental para encauzar la cooperación regional e impulsar el desarrollo de un territorio que presenta grandes contrastes socioeconómicos entre las comunidades anglosajonas y francófonas del Norte y los espacios latinoamericanos del Sur, donde las iniciativas de integración fragmentadas y los profundos desajustes productivos locales, unido a los recelos y la preponderancia de los intereses comerciales de Estados Unidos, dificultan un proyecto único de unidad económica a escala continental. En ese contexto se analizan las potencialidades de las organizaciones supranacionales más significativas y sus implicaciones geopolíticas.

Author: Antonio Doval
Spanish Title: Los projectos de cooperación e integración regional en América a principios del siglo XXI
Full document: 2015, Doval, Los Proyectos de Cooperación e Integración Regional en América a Principios del Siglo XXI

March 10, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio

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Hello my name is Ana Maria Palacio. I have a PhD from the University of Melbourne. This blog is about my thesis project, the Pacific Alliance.

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