Abstract:
Since the second half of the 20th Century, Colombia has subscribed numerous economic integration treaties, most of them in Latam. Among these agreements, La Alianza del Pacífico (AP)” and “Comunidad Andina de Naciones (CAN)” stand out. The first treaty due to the breakthroughs concerning trade policy, its recent creation, the progressive tariff tax reductions on goods, and the efforts for reaching alliances that go beyond factors’ mobility. The second treaty is remarkable for the institutional strength that it has built along the years and the constitution of supranational and intergovernmental institutions. Both treaties are framed under open regionalism and neoliberalism.

From the perspective of the theory of international political economy, the streams of economic integration and international trade, the Latin American context and the recent experience of Colombia, the following questions arise: What is the potential of Colombia’s insertion to AP and CAN through commercial flows? This matter is relevant as different factors can affect trade among the members of both treaties. What are the causes for the trade fluctuations in these treaties?
This work begins with a description of the agreements at the level of tariff harmonization, foreign direct investment and the labor market. A literature review of the PA and the CAN follows. It conducts a quantitative analysis of the agreements that allows the consolidation of a database from international trade indicators such as Grubel-Lloyd and Balassa Revealed Comparative Advantages together with the measurement of governance. It ends with an explanation of the commercial opportunities for Colombia. It demonstrates that by employing the two treaties efficiently and strategically, progress can be made on issues of value generation.

Resumen:
Desde mediados del siglo XX Colombia se ha suscrito a varios tratados de integración económica, la mayoría de ellos en América Latina, dentro de los que se destaca la Alianza del Pacifico (AP) y la Comunidad Andina de Naciones (CAN), el primero por los avances en materia comercial y reciente creación, la progresiva desgravación de mercancías y los esfuerzos por tener alianzas que llegan hasta la movilidad de factores. El segundo se destaca por la fortaleza institucional que ha labrado a lo largo de los años y la constitución de instancias intergubernamentales y supranacionales. Ambas encerradas en un contexto del regionalismo abierto y neoliberalismo. Es por eso que desde la teoría de la economía política internacional a través de las corrientes de integración económica y comercio internacional, sumado al contexto latinoamericano y la experiencia reciente de Colombia surge el siguiente interrogante: ¿Cuál es el potencial de inserción a partir del flujo comercial de Colombia con AP y CAN?, esta cuestión es pertinente al afirmar que diferentes factores pueden afectar el comercio con los países miembros de ambos tratados, y sobretodo cuáles son las causas para las fluctuaciones del comercio en estos tratados.

Este trabajo inicia con una descripción de los acuerdos a nivel de armonización arancelaria, inversión extranjera directa y mercado laboral, seguido de una revisión literaria de la AP y la CAN, posterior el análisis cuantitativo de los acuerdos que permite la consolidación de una base de datos a partir de los indicadores de comercio internacional tales como, Grubel-Lloyd y Ventajas Comparativas Reveladas-Balassa, junto con la medición de gobernabilidad, terminando con una explicación de las oportunidades comerciales para Colombia. Demostrando que al emplear los dos tratados de forma eficiente y estratégica se puede avanzar en temas de generación de valor.

Authors: David Ricardo del Portillo Román & Sebastián Janoc Montoya Velosa
Full document: 2018, Del Portillo & Velosa, Análisis del potencial de inserción de la oferta exportadora colombiana en los acuerdos Comunidad Andina de Naciones y Alianza del Pacífico- una aproximación

Abstract:
This article explains the possible drivers behind the establishment of the Pacific Alliance (PA) in South America, focusing on foreign economic policies and explaining the extent of policy convergence as a possible factor. In so doing, it examines on what basis these countries try to engage collectively with key Asian partners. A brief historical explanation might allow us to verify how non-legal elements have been politically and successfully networked with perfect timing. Policy convergence over strategies such as internationalisation and negotiation was a milestone in creating the PA itself, presidentially led by Chile, Colombia and Peru. However, Chile and Peru share a pro-Pacific profile in economic and political terms, while Colombia’s elites have traditionally ignored the Pacific Coast. These differences not necessarily impede the articulation of a collective cooperation strategy with Asia-Pacific, but it might slow down the Chilean eagerness to reach prompt accords with Asian partners. This article suggests that taking non-legal factors into consideration might allow a wider understanding of the reasons behind economic alliances’ formation. In so doing, International Political Economy’ theoretical richness might fill the gap that International Economy Law has to explain such phenomena.

Resumen:
Not available

Author: Angélica Guerra-Baron
Full document: The foreign policies convergence as a factor of the establishment of the Pacific Alliance