Regional Integration in Latin America - The Pacific Alliance a Way Ahead
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Regional Integration in Latin America - The Pacific Alliance a Way Ahead
Spanish, Theses

Free Trade and Economic Liberalisation in the Pacific Alliance and its Economic Impact: 1970-2015 period

Abstract:
In recent years the countries of the Pacific Alliance have adopted different international trade policies seeking greater growth of their economies.

These economic policies are based on the fact that economies of scale can be exploited to expand production and expand the international market for our products, but also in allowing the most effective negotiation with our trading partners. This is what the new theory of international trade, initiated by Krugman claims.
Based on this analysis, we review the economic policies used and those aimed at boosting the productivity of the economic sectors and with this, to effectively insert the Peruvian economy in the international markets.

Free trade, rather than the free movement of capital and labor, is the key to overall prosperity. This conviction reinforces what is understood as the convenience of trade openness, which stems from the irrefutable belief that economic theory has established the superiority of free trade although some models show that free trade may not be the best.

Resumen:
En los últimos años los países de la Alianza del Pacíico han adoptado diferentes políticas de comercio internacional buscando generar un mayor crecimiento de su economía.

Estas políticas económicas se apoyan en que permiten aprovechar la existencia de economías de ascender para esparcir la elaboración y amplicar el mercado internacional de nuestros productos, pero también en cuanto permiten el convenio más adecuado con nuestros socios comerciales como sostiene la nueva hipótesis del comercio internacional, iniciada por Krugman.

Sobre la base de este análisis hacemos una revisión de las políticas económicas utilizadas y las orientadas a potenciar el rendimiento de los grupos económicos, de manera de insertar realmente la economía peruana en los mercados internacionales.

En base a lo que se entiende como uno de los principales aspectos hacia la globalización es la confirmación de que el libre comercio, más que el libre trayecto del capital y el trabajo, es la esencia del bienestar general. Esta convicción refuerza lo que se entiende como la conveniencia de la apertura comercial, que proviene de la creencia irrefutable de que la hipótesis económica dispone la superioridad del libre comercio aunque algunos modelos manifiestan que el libre comercio puede no ser la mejor.

La autonomía comercial y el principio del comercio se ven principalmente como piezas claves para una victoriosa habilidad de progreso y desarrollo, la política comercial puede crear fuerzas contrarias en la distribución de los beneficios y la mejoría de la pobreza como suele suceder en un gran número de países latinoamericanos.

Author: Hoover Ríos Zuta
Spanish Title: Libre Comercio y apertura comercial en la alianza del pacífico e impacto económico: periodo 1970-2015
Full document:2019, Ríos, Libre Comercio y apertura comercial en la alianza del pacífico e impacto económico- periodo 1970 – 2015

January 15, 2017by Ana Maria Palacio
Articles, Portuguese

The Creation of the Pacific Alliance and its Impacts for Mercosur

Abstract:
This paper examines the impacts of the trade liberalisation on production, trade and welfare among the Pacific Alliance (PA) and MERCOSUR members employing the computable general equilibrium Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP). The results show that Chile and Mexico would benefit the most from the agreement due to an improvement in their terms of trade. The total welfare gains obtained for Chile reached US$ 230 million, while in Mexico they were US$ 75 million. MERCOSUR countries would be most negatively affected by the new bloc, with the larger welfare loss.

Resumo:
Este artigo examina os efeitos da liberalização comercial entre os países membros da Aliança do Pacífico (AP) e os países do MERCOSUL, por meio do modelo de equilíbrio geral computável Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP), sobre a produção, comércio e bem-estar.

Os resultados apontaram que os maiores beneficiados com a formação da AP seriam Chile e México, devido à melhoria de seus termos de troca. Os ganhos de bem-estar do Chile chegaram a US$ 230 milhões, enquanto no México eles alcançaram US$ 75 milhões. O MERCOSUL seria o grupo de países mais prejudicado, em termos de bem-estar, com a criação da AP.

Authors: Aline Ribeiro de Oliveira and André Filipe Zago de Azevedo
Título em português: A Criação da Aliança do Pacífico e os Impactos para o Mercosul
Full document: Oliveira & ZAgo, A Criação da Aliança do Pacífico e os Impactos para o Mercosul

 

August 13, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
English, Journal Articles

The Pacific Alliance and Its Effect on Latin America: Must a Continental Divide be the Cost of a Pacific Alliance Success?

Abstract:
The Pacific Alliance, launched in 2011, has focused its energies upon advancing trade and integration while maintaining that the association is strictly apolitical—a first in Latin America. This note argues that while the Pacific Alliance will bring success to its member countries, this same success will divide Latin American nations.

The division will in turn cause decreased trade amongst the nations, and the region will lose the opportunity to engage in complementary growth. In order to mitigate these adverse effects, the Pacific Alliance should make efforts to maintain enduring and meaningful relations with the rest of Latin America. On the eve of its possible expansion, it is essential, however, that the Pacific Alliance maintain its focus on trade liberalisation and not become another refuge for politically like-minded countries.

Part II explains the different levels of integration offered by trade agreements and provides a brief history of regionalism in South America. To predict the future of the Pacific Alliance, the structure must be evaluated, and the past must be contextualised.

Part III presents the first argument of the paper, mainly that the Pacific Alliance will bring success to its member nations. The three factors required for a successful regional trade agreement are common national characteristics, policies that foster long-run economic growth, and the establishment of both a supranational entity and an effective dispute resolution system. Continue reading

March 18, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Spanish, Theses

The Pacific Alliance: Analysis of the Contributions from the Agreements in the Farming Sector and the Agricultural Sub-Sector

Abstract:
This work emphasises the implications for the Colombian agricultural sub-sector within the farming sector of the implementation of the Pacific Alliance free trade agreement. Several studies forecast that this sector would be the most affected by the accord. The study aims to answer the following question: What are the opportunities and threats that the Pacific Alliance entails for the agricultural sub-sector within the farming sector?
The study considers aspects such as the free movement of goods and services, macro-economic profiles, historical development of trade, trade and social policies, the relevance of the agricultural sector and the farming sector, rules of origin in the agreement, tariff and phytosanitary measures, amongst other factors that characterise the Pacific Alliance.

Resumen:
Colombia es un país que ha logrado atraer la atención de diferentes países a nivel mundial debido al comportamiento económico que ha presentado en los últimos años. Gracias a estos resultados, es reconocida como mercado emergente debido a su rápido crecimiento interno en temas comerciales e industriales, y a sus notables y crecientes relaciones con otros países, entre otras características.

En América Latina nos encontramos con varios países con características e iniciativas comerciales similares a las nuestras; países como Perú, Chile y México cuentan con infraestructuras de mercado de tamaño significativo y gran potencial, además de la cercanía geográfica (a excepción de México) y una gran similitud entre sus culturas. En 2011 surgió una iniciativa de integración regional entre Colombia y estos países para desarrollar progresivamente una libre circulación económica, de bienes, servicios, y personas. Con miras a convertirse en una plataforma política, económica y comercial a nivel mundial, enfocándose en la región Asia-Pacífico. Esta iniciativa se conoce como Alianza del Pacífico (AP).

Uno de los subsectores más sensibles para los países miembros de la AP es el subsector agrícola. Debido a la baja diferenciación de productos y a la amenaza progresiva de un ingreso masivo de productos extranjeros a menor precio, pudiendo esto conseguir desestabilizar el mercado y afectando la producción interna o de los demás socios comerciales.

Continue reading

March 18, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio

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Hello my name is Ana Maria Palacio. I have a PhD from the University of Melbourne. This blog is about my thesis project, the Pacific Alliance.

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