Regional Integration in Latin America - The Pacific Alliance a Way Ahead
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Regional Integration in Latin America - The Pacific Alliance a Way Ahead
Book Chapters, Spanish

The Role of the Pacific Alliance in the Revitalisation of the South American Foreign Agenda

Abstract:
The current state of the South American agenda –particularly the Mercosur– regarding the signing of trade agreements, has become one of the issues discussed mostly within the bloc.

This debate is held with varying success for the claim of the smallest members of Mercosur (Uruguay and Paraguay), but more recently and more drastically, also by the Brazilian private sector. There are at least two reasons that lead to the increasing relevance of the issue at hand for the internal agenda of South American countries.

On the one hand, changes internationally in recent years according to trade liberalisation of countries, international trade patterns and new forms of production. Furthermore, the recent creation of the Pacific Alliance, which by its nature and members positioned itself as a last generation agreement, not set to classic integration models usually reviewed by the classical theory.

Resumen:
El estado actual de la agenda sudamericana –en particular del Mercosur– en lo que refiere a la suscripción de acuerdos comerciales, se ha transformado en uno de los asuntos mayormente debatidos al interior del bloque. Dicho debate es sostenido con mayor o menor éxito por el reclamo de los miembros más pequeños del Mercosur (Uruguay y Paraguay), pero más recientemente, aunque de forma cada vez más firme, también por el sector privado brasileño.

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March 22, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Book Chapters, Spanish

Effectiveness of the Democracy Clause in the Pacific Alliance Agreement

Abstract:
This article studies the implementation of the democracy clause in the Pacific Alliance Agreement, based on its effectiveness, and comparing it with other integration processes which are currently active in Latin America. I will conduct an analysis regarding the nature and objectives of the Pacific Alliance agreement and review the role played by the democracy clause in it, as well as in other integrations processes in the region. Finally, I will establish how the effectiveness of the clause appears divided with respect to the criteria of the Pacific Alliance member countries.

Resumen:
El presente artículo da cuenta de un estudio sobre la aplicación de la cláusula democrática en el acuerdo de la Alianza del Pacífico, a partir del análisis de la efectividad de la misma, y de la comparación con otros procesos de integración vigentes en Latinoamérica. Para ello se abordará el alcance y la naturaleza de la Alianza, así como el contenido de la clásula democrática en los procesos de integración latinoamericanos y, en especial, en la Alianza. Al final, se establecerá cómo existen criterios divergentes al momento de establecer la efectividad de la aplicación de la cláusula por parte de los países miembros.

Author: Silvana Milena Insignares Cera
Spanish Title: Efectividad en la Cláusula Democrática en el Acuerdo de la Alianza del Pacífico
Book reference: La Arquitectura del Ordenamiento Internacional y su Desarrollo en Materia Económica, Eric Tremolada (ed) (p 425-459)
Full document: not available (Universidad Externado, 2015)

March 22, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Book Chapters, Spanish

The Pacific Alliance and the Indispensable Factors for its Integrative Dynamics

Abstract:
What is the key to understanding the development of the European Union? The author argues that federalism was an essential factor. Therefore, the success of the Pacific Alliance should be viewed from that perspective.

Resumen:
¿Cuál es la clave para comprender el desarrollo de la Unión Europea? El autor considera que el federalismo fue un factor imprescindible; por eso, el éxito de la Alianza del Paceifico debe observarse desde ese punto de vista.

Author: Carlos Hakansson
Spanish Title: La Alianza del Pacífico y los Factores Indispensables para su Dinámica Integradora
Book reference: La Arquitectura del Ordenamiento Internacional y su Desarrollo en Materia Económica, Eric Tremolada (ed) (p 407-424)
Full document: not available (Universidad Externado, 2015)

March 22, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Book Chapters, Spanish

The Pacific Alliance and Legal Integration in Latin America –Background, Assessments, and Perspectives

Abstract:
This paper examines the Pacific Alliance referring to its specific context, origin, development, structure and functioning. This analysis is undertaken from the perspective of the historical process of regional integration in the American hemisphere and the new law of regional integration. The paper offers some critical reflections on the potential of the Pacific Alliance and constraints from various viewpoints, mainly economic, geopolitical and legal, focusing on the latter.

Resumen:
La presente ponencia aborda el contexto, surgimiento, desarrollo, estructura y funcionamiento de la Alianza del Pacífico. Este analisis se desarrolla desde la perspectiva del proceso histórico de la integración en el hemisferio americano y del nuevo derecho de la integración regional. Se reflexiona a su vez sobre las posibilidades y limitaciones de la Alianza del Pacífico desde diversos puntos de vista principalmente económicos, geopolíticos y jurídicos, concentrándose específicamente en este último.

Author: Juan Pablo Pampillo Baliño
Spanish Title: La Alianza del Pacífico y la Integración Jurídica Latinoamericana. Antecedentes, Balance y Perspectivas
Book reference: La Arquitectura del Ordenamiento Internacional y su Desarrollo en Materia Económica, Eric Tremolada (ed) (p 365-406)
Full document: not available (Universidad Externado, 2015)

March 22, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Book Chapters, English

The New Minilateralism in Regional Economic Governance: Cross-Regionalism and the Pacific Alliance

Brief:
South America has not remained untouched by [the] global trend towards the propagation of minilateral forms of cooperation. As is shown in this chapter, several states in the region are actively resorting to different types of minilateral instruments in pursuit of traditional as well as new foreign economic policy goals. Two of these minilateral instruments have proved particularly disruptive of the patterns of regional economic governance laid down in the 1990s.

One of these instruments is ‘cross-regionalism’, which refers to the new practice or strategy of negotiating multiple parallel bilateral trade agreements with partners belonging to different regions. The other minilateral instrument is the Pacific Alliance (PA), a formal regional organisation established by Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru in 2012. These two types of minilateral institutions are worth closer examination not only because they represent a significant deviation from traditional governance practices, but also because their appearance is profoundly transforming South America’s economic governance architecture.

The following paper will explain the phenomenon of ‘cross-regionalism’, whose spread throughout the South American region and, indeed, whose very nature has remained poorly understood and a source of great controversy.

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March 22, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Journal Articles, Spanish

Integration in Latin America: Conflicting Rationales

Abstract:
Not available

Resumen:
Diferentes proyectos de integración regional rivalizan, se solapan y generan sinergias en América Latina. Están en competencia dos lógicas de inserción internacional: una encabezada por Brasil y otra por México, ambas condicionadas por Asia, China en particular.

Existe un gran número de proyectos de integración regional en América Latina en la actualidad, en un proceso que fluctúa entre el solapamiento y el favorecimiento de sinergias que retroalimentan los diferentes proyectos. Así, existen iniciativas ideológico-econó­micas como la Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América (ALBA) hoy día sujeta a un futuro incierto tras la muerte de Hugo Chávez hasta mecanismos establecidos hace décadas, como Mercosur, el Sistema de Integración Centroamericana (SICA) o la Comunidad Andina (CAN), donde en este momento se plantean las causas de su estancamiento y su eventual obsolescencia; pasando por proyectos novedosos y pujantes que aspiran a construirse sobre un modelo diferente de integración, más económico que político, como es la Alianza del Pacífico.

Al mismo tiempo, el único BRIC de la región, Brasil, se debate entre asumir un liderazgo regional o actuar como un global player y usar la región solo como trampolín para actuar en la arena internacional. Sin embargo, el renovado auge de México tras la última elección presidencial, y el éxito tanto mediático como materializado en acuerdos de eliminación de aranceles de la última reunión de la Alianza del Pacífico, celebrada el 23 de mayo en Cali (Colombia), simbolizan la rivalidad entre los dos “gigantes” latinoamericanos, Brasil y México, y entre dos modelos de integración: uno brasileño, más proteccio­nista; y otro mexicano, sustentado en tratados de libre comercio.

Author: Sergio Caballero Santos
Spanish Title: Integración en América Latina: Lógicas en Pugna
Journal reference: Política exterior, Vol. 27, Nº 154, 2013, p 136-141
Full document: not available

March 22, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Book Chapters, English

The Pacific Alliance and the Construction of a New Economic Regime? –Lights and Shadows of the Renewal of Open Regionalism

Abstract:
To arrive at an understanding of Latin American regionalism and particularly that of the PA, in this chapter I will analyse what its creation means and its implications for regional governance and for a new economic regime, which may compete with the battered multilateral system of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the stalled Doha Round.

My argument is that its creation expresses a return to open regionalism, a choice made by decision-makers in Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru to strengthen a type of regional governance that is aligned with the current rules for the world. For the most part, it does so without questioning the dominant structure, as the four countries already individually follow and share the predominant ideas about trade, economics, and politics. At the same time, the PA allows them to disseminate and socialise their vision of the world.

I will study the PA as a regional cooperation initiative that is capable of having an agenda-setting influence and entering into dialogue with the concept of international regimes which are “implicit or explicit principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures around which actors’ expectations converge in a given area of international relations” (Krasner, 1983, p. 2). I also propose understanding this regional process as part of a larger framework, in this case, the construction of a new economic regime or Pacific Regime.

Resumen:
No disponible

Author: Lorena Oyarzún Serrano
Book reference: Post-Hegemonic Regionalism in the Americas: Towards a Pacific Atlantic divide? Jose Briceño Ruiz and Isidro Morales (eds) (p 141-155)
Full document: not available (Taylor and Francis, 2017)

March 22, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
Books, English

Business Opportunities in the Pacific Alliance –The Economic Rise of Chile, Peru, Colombia, and Mexico

Abstract: 
This book provides a solid overview of trade and business opportunities in the Pacific Alliance, focusing on the key drivers of economic growth and development in Chile, Peru, Colombia, and Mexico. It addresses the political, economic, and social benefits that accrue when commerce and markets are made freer, and implications this poses for American businesses. Further, it surveys how key economies of Latin America have learned from past failures and are poised to capitalise on them in the future. It will offer a detailed understanding for business scholars, practitioners, and entrepreneurs looking to explore new business ventures in the dynamic trade union.

Resumen:
Not available

Authors: John E Spillan, Nicholas Virzi
Contributor: Alejandra Morales
Full document: not available (Palgrave Macmillan, 2017)

March 22, 2016by Ana Maria Palacio
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Hello my name is Ana Maria Palacio. I have a PhD from the University of Melbourne. This blog is about my thesis project, the Pacific Alliance.

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