Abstract:
Not available

Resumen/Problema de Investigación:
La presente investigación se encuentra enmarcada en la crisis que están presentando los modelos tradicionales de integración, en donde prevalecen las políticas económicas y el actor principal es el Estado. Inestabilidad que le abre la puerta a una modernización y adaptación de los nuevos proyectos de integración más colaborativos en el que la sociedad constituye un actor de integración.

Dicho esto, y con el surgimiento de la Alianza del Pacífico, en este marco de esta crisis, sus objetivos y áreas de trabajo prometen y dan esperanza a la construcción del bloque regional latinoamericano.

En este orden de ideas, y para el desarrollo de esta investigación se estudiarán las políticas públicas migratorias que se derivan del objetivo de libre movilidad como un fenómeno diferencial de este proceso de integración de la Alianza del Pacífico, que marca una distinción entre los ideales tradicionales que motivan los procesos de integración, como lo son las áreas comerciales y aduaneras.

En otras palabras, tras la creación de la Alianza del Pacífico, se puede considerar que las políticas públicas migratorias en Colombia, México, Chile y Perú ha coadyuvado a un crecimiento, posicionando al sector turismo como un sector influyente del Producto Interno Bruto – PIB. Este hecho podría evidenciar una contribución significativa y una dirección correcta hacia un proceso de integración real y efectivo, por lo que constituye un objetivo del trabajo determinar si ¿las políticas migratorias de la Alianza del Pacífico inciden positivamente en el crecimiento de sus países miembros o por el contrario desempeñan un impacto negativo al respecto?

Author: María José Cabarcas Cárdenas
Spanish Title: Papel de las políticas públicas migratorias en la Alianza del Pacífico en relación con la integración de sus países miembros (2011- 2017)
Full Document: Cabarcas, Papel de las políticas públicas migratorias en la Alianza del Pacífico en relación con la integración de sus países miembros

Abstract:
In recent years after the global financial crisis, these four Latin America countries formed the Pacific Alliance with the Declaration of Lima agreement in 2011. The impetus was to establish an area for mutually supportive trade and investment. Beyond the emphasis on trade in goods and services, the Pacific Alliance supports people’s mobility and higher education exchanges. This regional trade agreement is compared to the European Union, which has even deeper integration through an established common market advance to trade, the Single Market, since 1992. Through the Bologna Process, launched in 1999, the EU and neighbouring countries established the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), in 2010.

Both trade and higher education have continued to expand in the region in recent years. The pandemic of early 2020 has brought a pause to the expansion of educational exchanges. Globalization has resulted in policies of internationalisation, and multilateral institutions have provided the framework for cooperation.

Resumen:
Not available

Author: Beverly Barrett
Full Document: 2021, Barrett, Trade and Higher Education in the Pacific Alliance of Latin America_A Review Paper

Abstract:
There has been a growing interest in social entrepreneurship in recent years, even though there is some confusion or controversy about its meaning. Most of the literature recognises the importance of the articulation of various factors within a favourable ecosystem. Despite this, there are still very few studies related to this subject in Latin America. That is why this article establishes links to the importance of the Pacific Alliance as a regional integration space to promote such initiatives. Based on the analysis of official documents and interviews with decision-makers, factors were identified that, within the Pacific Alliance framework, facilitate the consolidation of social entrepreneurship processes.

Resumen:
En los últimos años ha habido un creciente interés por el emprendimiento social aun cuando existe cierta confusión o controversia sobre su significado. La mayoría de la literatura reconoce la importancia de la articulación de diversos factores dentro de un ecosistema favorable. Pese a esto, aún son muy escasos los estudios relativos a esta materia en el ámbito latinoamericano. Es por ello por lo que este artículo vincula la importancia de la Alianza del Pacifico, como espacio de integración regional para la promoción de este tipo de iniciativas. A partir del análisis de sus documentos oficiales y de entrevistas a responsables de toma de decisiones se identificaron factores que dentro del marco de la Alianza del Pacífico facilitan la consolidación de procesos de emprendimiento social.

Authors: Roberto García Alonso, Ulf Thoene, Ana María Figueroa & Edwin Murillo Amaris
Spanish Title: El Emprendimiento Social en el marco de la Alianza del Pacífico
Full Document: 2020, García Alonso, et al, El Emprendimiento Socian en el marco de la Alianza del Pacífico

Abstract:
This paper analyses innovation behaviour and its link to growth in four Latin American countries that are part of the Pacific Alliance, which are Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. The Granger causality test is used, and the presence of unidirectional and bidirectional causalities between innovation and per capita economic growth is found as a result. These results vary from country to country.

Resumen:
En este trabajo se analiza el comportamiento de la innovación y su vínculo con el crecimiento en cuatro países de Latinoamérica que forman parte de la Alianza del Pacífico los cuales son Chile, Colombia, México y Perú. Se utiliza la prueba de causalidad de Granger y se encuentra como resultado la presencia de causalidades unidireccionales y bidireccionales entre la innovación y el crecimiento económico per cápita. Estos resultados varían en cada país.

Authors: Luis Alfredo Ávila López, Carolina Zayas Márquez & Jorge Alfonso Galván León
Spanish Title: Comportamiento de la Innovación en los Países de la Alianza del Pacífico
Full Document:2021, Avila et al, Comportamiento de la Innovación en los Países de la Alianza del Pacífico

Abstract:
The Pacific Alliance (PA) presents itself as a sui generis ‘mechanism for regional integration’ comprising Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. In this thesis, I examine the main institutional features of the PA, the factors that explain these institutional choices and to what extent its institutional framework is suitable to support the objectives of the PA in the long-term. The scope of the thesis is threefold: descriptive, explanatory and normative.

I take an interdisciplinary and eclectic approach to study the institutional dimension of the PA. I base my analysis on insights from new institutionalisms — constructivist and rational institutionalisms — while following a legal orientation when reading and applying new institutionalisms. I also employ international institutional law to assess the international legal status of the PA. At the methodological level, the thesis uses qualitative methods — doctrinal and empirical analysis — to address the research questions.

The core argument I develop in this thesis is that rational factors, such as cooperation problems and characteristics of the PA members in the aggregate, and ideational factors explain the PA’s institutional design. External institutional environments also contribute to explain PA’s institutional architecture. Institutional entrepreneurs have carefully crafted organisational and task-related decentralisation, the scope of issues covered, the rules for control, and the array of adjustability devices in its institutional rules. PA’s institutional design is also the result of the revisited neoliberal program amplified at the regional level through the open regionalism and deep integration programs and the frames of flexibility and pragmatism.

I contest, based on empirical evidence, claims about the sui generis nature of the PA’s institutional model of economic regionalism. I also challenge established views about its non-political and non-ideological foundations.

I demonstrate that the PA represents an informal intergovernmental institution (IIG). The PA is not an international organisation invested with international and domestic legal personality. Organisational structures in the PA follow a spectrum of formal and informal arrangements. These structures have, in many instances, responded to what I call demand-based or problem-based approaches in their establishment. Growth and specialisation of organisational structures take place through informal means, which evidences the effects of the ideas of flexibility and pragmatism that frame the PA and its regional integration process.

The thesis shows that the PA relies heavily on soft-law reinforcing its political basis. Mandatory commitments or hard-law approaches refer primarily to the construction of a free trade area as of today while soft-law is predominant in several areas that comprise its large economic and non-economic cooperation pillar.

I maintain that the PA’s current institutional framework does not equip it to respond to the needs for policy coordination and harmonisation, and the development of other regional public goods associated with the goals of its economic regionalism project.

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