Abstract:
Eight years after the Declaration of Lima (April 28, 2011), the Pacific Alliance continues to generate international interest. This integration mechanism emerged in a context of the transition of the global economy to a multipolar world, in which East Asia, led by the People’s Republic of China and Japan, has acquired a more significant economic role. In these circumstances, the Alliance was created as a new regional integration mechanism, which pursues a double objective: integration among its members and projection to the world, especially towards Asia-Pacific.

This article seeks to analyse and characterise the Pacific Alliance and to question the potential of this integration mechanism as to fulfilling its double objective by creating synergies between the different aspects that integrate it, and becoming a cooperation platform and a new integration model for Latin America. For this, in the first section, it summarises the most important milestones of the Alliance and its main initiatives. In the second section, it addresses the debate regarding its objectives and characterisation as a regional integration mechanism. The third section examines the expectations generated by the Alliance in terms of intra-regional and extra-regional integration and the conditions necessary for its success. The fourth section discusses the perspectives of this mechanism in light of recent events and changes in the global economy.

Resumen:
A ocho años de la Declaración de Lima (28 de abril de 2011), la Alianza del Pacífico sigue suscitando interés internacional. Este mecanismo de integración surgió en un contexto de transición de la economía global hacia un mundo multipolar, en el cual Asia del Este, liderada por la República Popular China y Japón, ha adquirido un mayor protagonismo económico. En este contexto, la Alianza se creó como un mecanismo de integración regional novedoso, que estableció un doble objetivo: integración entre sus miembros y proyección al mundo, en especial hacia el Asia-Pacífico.

Este texto se propone analizar y caracterizar la Alianza del Pacífico, e interrogarse acerca del potencial de este mecanismo de integración para: 1. cumplir con el doble objetivo que se propone, creando sinergias entre los distintos aspectos que lo integran; y 2. transformarse en una plataforma de cooperación y en un nuevo modelo de integración para América Latina. Para ello, resume en la primera sección los hitos más importantes de la Alianza y sus principales iniciativas. En la segunda sección, aborda el debate relativo a sus objetivos y caracterización en tanto mecanismo de integración regional. La tercera sección se dedica a las expectativas que generó la Alianza en materia de integración intrarregional y extrarregional y a las condiciones necesarias para su éxito, mientras que la cuarta sección discute las perspectivas de este mecanismo a la luz de acontecimientos y cambios recientes en la economía global.

Author: Geneviève Marchini

Spanish Title: La Alianza del Pacífico a ocho años de su creación. Balance crítico y perspectivas

Full document: 2019, Marchini, La Alianza del Pacífico a ocho años de su creación. Balance crítico y perspectivas

Abstract:
The Pacific Alliance has incited a greater debate on Latin American regionalism. Based on that, this article analyzes its creation in a context of globalization and new regionalism. Also, it explains its emergence as a regional counterweight between Atlantic and Pacific axes. At the same time, it integrates the pragmatic and ideological interests and incentives of Member States. With such aim, the work is divided into four sections. In the first part, it discussed the main theoretical elements of regionalism in a context of globalization. A second section identifies the nature and objectives of the Alliance. In the third section, we discuss the incentives of the member countries and finally their potential relationship with other regional actors, in terms of competition and complementarity.

Resumen:
La Alianza del Pacífico ha provocado un mayor debate sobre el regionalismo latinoamericano. A partir de ello, este artículo aborda su creación en un contexto de globalización y nuevo regionalismo. Asimismo, explica su emergencia a partir del concepto de contrapeso regional entre los ejes Atlántico-Pacífico, incorporando al análisis los intereses e incentivos de tipo pragmático-ideológico de los Estados. Con tal objetivo, el trabajo se divide en cuatro secciones. En la primera, se mencionan los principales elementos teóricos del regionalismo en un contexto de globalización. En una segunda sección, se identifica la naturaleza y objetivos de la alianza. En la tercera sección, en tanto, se analizan los incentivos de los países miembros y finalmente se estudia su potencial relacionamiento con otros actores regionales, en términos de competencia y complementariedad.

Authors: Lorena Oyarzún Serrano, Federico Rojas de Galarreta
Full document: 2013, Oyarzún & Rojas, La Alianza del Pacífico en América Latina ¿Contrapeso Regional?

Abstract:
The year 2013 brought much attention to the Pacific Alliance (Alianza del Pacífico), the most recent regional integration initiative in Latin America.
Building on the existing free trade agreements between them, the four members of the Alliance –Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru– have set the goal of advancing towards the free movement of goods, services, capitals and people, with the objective of creating an ‘area of deep integration’ to stimulate economic growth and competitiveness.
Since it was formally constituted in June 2012, the Pacific Alliance has come to be seen as the most promising and dynamic regional group in Latin America. Adopting a free market approach to regional integration, it is widely perceived as an alternative to the ‘stagnating’ and ‘increasingly protectionist’ Mercosur bloc. In this regard, the Pacific Alliance has led to hopes for a new momentum for regional integration and cooperation in Latin America, as well as to concerns about a possible fracture in the region. The EU, which has long-standing institutionalised links, liberalised trade and good relations with the members of the Pacific Alliance, has welcomed the Alliance as a promising initiative. The evolution of the Alliance could have direct or indirect consequences for the EU’s relations with other regional blocs in Latin America.

Institutional Author: European Parliament
Full document: 2014, EU PP, The Pacific Alliance- Regional Integration or Fragmentation?

Abstract:
These four countries along Latin America’s west coast have taken great strides in recent years, and they are poised to emerge as regional leaders. Like the animal, these Pacific Pumas are comfortable operating quietly, away from the spotlight. But their positive momentum is difficult to ignore.
United in the Pacific Alliance, the Pumas represent more than 200 million people with a US$2.22 trillion GDP; their combined global trade accounts for half of the Latin American total, while the depth and breadth of their free-trade agreements have positioned them to increase commerce with Europe, the US and Asia. This is the story of the advancement of Mexico, Colombia, Peru and Chile—the Pacific Pumas—and of the opportunities they have moving forward.
The first section considers the emergence of the Pumas individually. It begins with an overview of the four large Latin American countries that have matured economically and politically precisely as their region, the Pacific, has become a cauldron of global growth. The second chapter highlights the macroeconomic stability of the four, while the third considers their democratic maturation. The section concludes with a chapter on the Pumas’ embrace of globalization, suggesting their preparedness for a 21st century economy.
The second section analyzes the Pumas’ global opportunities. Through the Pacific Alliance, Mexico, Colombia, Peru and
Chile can leverage their individual success through a pact large enough to attract international attention. Chapter 5 debates the importance of the Alliance, while Chapter 6 considers its ramifications throughout Latin America. Chapter 7 examines the importance of the Pumas in greater trans-Atlantic relations, and Chapter 8 reviews the opportunities and challenges the Pumas face in dealing with China.
Together, the two sections outline a golden opportunity for the Pacific Pumas to achieve internal prosperity and stability, while emerging as regional leaders and strategic partners of the US, Europe, and East Asia.

Author: Samuel George
Full document: 2014, George, The Pacific Pumas- An Emerging Model for Emerging Markets

Abstract:
It may be too early to discuss any concrete cooperation with the Pacific Alliance, given that it currently focuses on deepening internal consolidation. Nonetheless, it is necessary to build the foundation for future cooperation as the Pacific Alliance is beginning serious discussions about cooperation with the Asia-Pacific in the near future. Thus, Korea will have to draw up a medium and long-term view, rather than one in the short term.
To begin with, Korea will have to reduce the gap between the interests of Korea and the Pacific Alliance, and will have to pursue investment initiatives in the Pacific Alliance member countries in areas that encourage FDI.

Authors: Taekyoon Lim, Si Un Yi
Full document: 2014, Lim & Yi, The Emergence of the Pacific Alliance and Implications for Korea

Abstract:
The Pacific Alliance, an agreement by Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru to achieve deeper integration and jointly promote economic relations across the Pacific, constitutes one of the few bright spots in current Latin American integration efforts. Given its features, the Alliance has significant potential to benefit the member countries, enlarge its constituency, and promote trade with other areas. This essay presents a brief overview of the Pacific Alliance, how it was created, what progress has been made so far, and the potential benefits it offers to Pacific-Rim Latin American countries.

Resumen:
No disponible
Author: Guillermo Perry
Full document: 2014, Perry, The Pacific Alliance- A Way Forward for Latin American Integration?

Abstract:
This paper examines the Pacific Alliance referring to its specific context, origin, development, structure and functioning. This analysis is undertaken from the perspective of the historical process of regional integration in the American hemisphere and the new law of regional integration. The paper offers some critical reflections on the potential of the Pacific Alliance and constraints from various viewpoints, mainly economic, geopolitical and legal, focusing on the latter.

Resumen:
La presente ponencia aborda el contexto, surgimiento, desarrollo, estructura y funcionamiento de la Alianza del Pacífico. Este analisis se desarrolla desde la perspectiva del proceso histórico de la integración en el hemisferio americano y del nuevo derecho de la integración regional. Se reflexiona a su vez sobre las posibilidades y limitaciones de la Alianza del Pacífico desde diversos puntos de vista principalmente económicos, geopolíticos y jurídicos, concentrándose específicamente en este último.

Author: Juan Pablo Pampillo Baliño
Spanish Title: La Alianza del Pacífico y la Integración Jurídica Latinoamericana. Antecedentes, Balance y Perspectivas
Book reference: La Arquitectura del Ordenamiento Internacional y su Desarrollo en Materia Económica, Eric Tremolada (ed) (p 365-406)
Full document: not available (Universidad Externado, 2015)

Abstract:

This book delves into the Pacific Alliance from different perspectives, including the realms of foreign diplomacy, economy, politics and technological aspects, whilst analysing the opportunities that may occur during this process of regional integration. […]

In short, this book aims to present a deep and meticulous analysis of what the Pacific Alliance is so far. Beyond delving into an informed explanation of the process of regional integration, the book tries not only to offer a landscape of untapped opportunities that may potentially contribute to the success of the Pacific Alliance but also to make serious recommendations in areas that may present substantial challenges for the Pacific Alliance.

Edited book with 15 contributions from several authors

Resumen:
No disponible

Editors: Mario Torres Jarrín and Jonathan Violante Pica
Full document: 2016, Torres & Violante, Emerging Markets-The Pacific Alliance